Oil pipelines (also called pipelines, pipelines) are composed of oil pipes and their accessories, and are equipped with corresponding oil pump units according to the needs of the process flow. They are designed and installed into a complete pipeline system to complete the oil connection, unloading and transfer. Task.
The oil pipeline system, that is, the pipeline system used to transport petroleum and petroleum products, is mainly composed of pipelines, oil transmission stations and other auxiliary related equipment. It is one of the main equipment in the petroleum storage and operation industry, and is also the main source of crude oil and petroleum products. Compared with the railway and highway oil transportation which belong to the land transportation equipment, pipeline oil transportation has the characteristics of large transportation volume, good airtightness, low cost and high safety factor.
Oil pipelines are generally made of steel pipes, which are connected to long-distance pipelines with connecting devices such as welding and flanges, and valves are used for opening and closing control and flow adjustment. The oil pipeline mainly has transportation processes such as isothermal transportation, heating transportation and sequential transportation. Corrosion of pipelines and how to prevent corrosion is one of the important links in pipeline maintenance. Oil pipelines have become one of the main transportation tools for oil and still have considerable development potential in the future.
By distance
1. Oil pipelines within the enterprise
The internal oil pipeline of an enterprise mainly refers to the gathering pipeline connecting the oil well and the metering station, the joint station, the pipeline inside the oil refinery and the oil depot, etc. The length of the pipeline is generally short and is not an independent operating system.
2. Long-distance oil pipeline
Long-distance crude oil pipeline
Long-distance crude oil pipeline [1]
A pipeline that transports crude oil or refined oil over long distances. The transportation distance can reach hundreds or thousands of kilometers, and the annual oil transportation volume of a single pipe is between millions to tens of millions of tons, and some of them are 100 million tons. The diameter of the pipe is more than 200mm, and the largest is now 1220mm. . Its starting point and ending point are respectively connected with other oil companies such as oil fields and refineries. It is composed of two major parts: oil transmission station (including first station, last station, intermediate pump station and heating station, etc.) and pipelines. The latter includes trunk pipelines, and crossing projects when passing natural obstacles such as rivers, canyons, and seabeds, cathodic protection systems to prevent pipeline corrosion, simple roads along the line and line cut-off valve chambers built for line inspection and maintenance . Most oil transportation companies also have an independent communication system connecting the whole line, including communication lines and relay stations.
According to oil
1. Crude oil pipeline
Crude oil pipelines mainly refer to pipelines that transport crude oil products, which are different from refined oil pipelines. The main crude oil pipelines operating in China today are the Sino-Russian crude oil pipeline and the Central Asian crude oil pipeline.
2. Refined oil pipeline
The refined oil pipeline is a pipeline that transports refined oil over a long distance.
1. Carbon steel pipe
Carbon steel pipes are mostly used for fixed oil pipelines. Carbon steel pipes can be divided into seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes according to their manufacturing methods. Seamless steel pipes are divided into two types: hot-rolled and cold-drawn. The usual carbon steel pipes are made of boiling steel. Manufacture, the applicable temperature range is 0~300℃, it is easy to be embrittled at low temperature, the steel pipe made of high-quality carbon steel, the applicable temperature range is -40~450℃, 16Mn steel is adopted, and the applicable temperature range is -40℃. The high temperature can reach 475°C.
2. Oil resistant hose
Oil-resistant hose is an oil pipeline mainly used for temporary loading and unloading of oil transfer facilities or movable parts of pipeline unloading.
Oil-resistant hoses include oil-resistant fabric-filled hoses, oil-resistant spiral hoses and oil-conveying steel wire braided hoses, all made of nitrile rubber. It is divided into three different situations: pressure, suction and exhaust. Pressure-resistant hoses should be used for positive pressure delivery, suction hoses for negative pressure delivery, and suction hoses should be used when positive and negative pressures are possible.